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Purchases returns" or "Returns to suppliers". For example, we purchased 100 radio sets (goods) from Lahore Electronics for Rs. 15000. On receiving the delivery of goods, it is found that 10 radio sets are of inferior quality. The return of these 10 radio sets to the seller (Lahore Electronics) will be a case of purchases returns.
7. PURCHASES DISCOUNT AND SALES DISCOUNT:
The Concession given by the supplier to the buyer on purchases of goods is known as "Purchases discount" to the buyer and "Sales discount" to the seller (supplier).
8. ALLOWANCES:
Sometimes, the customers (buyers) find that goods purchased have minor defects. In that case, the seller may agree to reduce the price of damaged or defective goods to induce the. buyer to keep the goods. Such reduction in price is known as "Purchases allowance" to the buyer and "Sales allowance" to the seller.
9. SALES:
We know that goods are purchased for selling purposes^ When these goods are sold to customers at a specific price, it is said that sales have been made. For example, we purchased goods worth Rs. 5000 (our purchases). Suppose, these goods have been sold at a price of Rs. .6000 — in accounting language it will be said that sales have been made at Rs. 6000. So goods sold are called "Sales".
10. CASH SALES:
If goods are sold to customers at a specific price and price of the goods is received from them at the time of sale of goods, such sales are known as "Cash sales". For example, we sold goods to a customer, Mr. A for Rs. 2000 on 10th January, 2005 and received the cash from him on the same date, it will be a case of cash sales.
11. CREDIT SALES;
If goods are sold to a customer and he does not pay the price of goods at the same time but agrees to make payment on some future date, the sales are called "credit sales" or "Sales on account." For example, we sold goods to Mr. X for Rs. 3000 on 15th January, 2005 and he agreed to make payment on 3Ist January, 2005, it will be a case of credit sales or sales on account.
12. SALES RETURNS OR RETURNS INWARDS:
If a customer to whom goods have been sold finds that the goods are defective, unsatisfactory, below standard or not according to specification, he may return these goods to the seller. To the seller, such return of goods is known as "Sales returns" or "Returns Inwards" or "Returns from customers.
13. TRADE DISCOUNT:
At the time of selling goods, the manufacturer or wholesaler allows retailers such a discount (concession). It is allowed at a certain percentage of the listed or catalog price. For example, the list price of the goods is Rs. 30000, and the wholesaler allows a trade discount of 10% on the listed price to the retailer. It means the net price of the goods is 27000 (30000-3000). The trade discount enables the retailer: to sell goods at die listed price; and the customer can be sure about the fair {nice of the goods. It may be noted that both the buyer and seller will record Rs. 27000 (not Rs. 30,000) in their books of account. In other words trade discount is not recorded in books of account Thus, discount allowed by manufacturer or wholesaler at the time of selling goods to retailer as a deduction from the listed price or catalog price, is called Trade Discount.
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